Energy Singularity

Energy Singularity is a Chinese company developing fusion machines that confine hot plasma with superconducting magnets, alongside materials and manufacturing technology for those magnets. It aims to use strong magnetic fields to make fusion equipment smaller and ultimately generate electricity. It is currently working on HH70 plasma operation, magnet tests, future machines and material-production facilities—not demonstrating net electricity generation.

Founded in Shanghai in 2021, the company develops tokamaks using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. A tokamak holds a ring-shaped plasma with magnetic fields. A compact high-field strategy is not itself proof of electricity production. HH70 operation, standalone magnet tests, the proposed HH170 and material-production plans represent different development stages. See the device overview.

HH70 uses HTS conductors in its TF, PF and CS magnet systems. A 2024 technical account describes 12 TF, six PF and eight CS coils, or 26 in total. “All-HTS” does not mean the entire facility consumes no electricity. Power supplies, cryogenic equipment, heating and control must operate together with the magnets.

HH70 achieved first plasma in June 2024. A February 2, 2026 company report describes a 1,337-second steady-state long-pulse operation in experiment 5,755. The campaign began in November 2025 and tested magnets and power systems, RF current drive, cooling, diagnostics and control. This was not 1,337 seconds of net generation. Duration without temperature, density, fuel and fusion-output conditions cannot establish energy gain.

A July 23, 2025 design-paper summary lists a 20 K coil operating design, a maximum coil field of 2.5 T and a central plasma field of 0.6 T for HH70. The current device overview lists a 1 T central field and a 70 cm major radius. The reviewed material does not explain the difference, so it cannot establish a completed upgrade from 0.6 T to 1 T. Coil peak field and plasma central field are also different quantities.

The June 17, 2026 announcement reports a small insulated HTS magnet reaching a central field of 26.7 T after stable operation at 25.5 T. A winding peak above 27.5 T is calculated, not the same measurement. Intended initially for materials production and testing, this is neither HH70’s plasma central field nor the large Jingtian TF magnet. Cryogen-free cooling does not mean cooling-free: low-temperature equipment remains necessary. World-record language is a company claim.

The device overview describes HH170 with a planned 10 T central field, a 150 cm major radius and equivalent Q>2. Its name does not imply a 170 cm major radius. “Equivalent” must not be removed or converted into measured fuel-reaction gain or net electricity. The 2027 operation date in a 2025 announcement is a schedule, not an achievement. Fuel assumptions, conversion methods and measured versus calculated quantities need checking.

An August 21, 2026 company announcement says a wholly owned Beijing subsidiary’s ReBCO tape R&D and production project was approved. Three PLD production lines, annual capacity of 1,200 km at 12 mm width and roughly 50% self-supply for HH170 are planned quantities. They are not operating output, delivered shipments or an achieved supply share. The evidence reviewed is the corporate announcement, not an independently examined government permit.

Developing materials, magnets and plasma equipment connects supply-chain and quality-control challenges. Electricity assessment must also cover heat recovery, fuel cycling, component lifetime, maintenance and facility-wide power consumption. For comparison in long-duration plasma and superconducting engineering, see ASIPP; this does not imply a partnership. Checked October 30, 2026, this profile keeps plasma operation, magnet testing, future-machine targets and material-production plans separate.